Across the heartland of Maharashtra lies Vidarbha, a region often recognised for its forests, coalfields and cotton farms, but rarely for the quieter chapters of displacement that reshaped its demography.

During the decades following India’s Independence, Vidarbha became a home for several groups of refugees escaping political upheavals and natural calamities. These settlements were never planned urban expansions but humanitarian responses to crises that spilled over national borders.

Over time, they developed distinct cultural identities and modest institutions that helped sustain them through generations. The refugee camps in this part of central India today stand as living records of migration, adaptation and quiet resilience. Each location has its own story, shaped by circumstance, geography and the people who rebuilt their lives there.

1. Norgeyling Tibetan Settlement, Gothangaon, Gondia District

Established in the early 1970s, the Norgeyling Tibetan Settlement is the only Tibetan camp in Maharashtra. Located near Gothangaon in Gondia district, it was created to house refugees who fled Tibet following political unrest and were resettled under a rehabilitation programme supported by the Indian government.

The settlement occupies land surrounded by forest and agricultural zones, providing both isolation and opportunities for subsistence farming. In its early years, the camp comprised modest housing units and a cooperative structure for livelihood generation through agriculture and handicrafts. Over time, it developed its own school system, the Sambhota Tibetan School, which offers education in Tibetan language and culture alongside standard curriculum subjects.

The settlement continues to maintain Buddhist monastic traditions, with religious activities forming the social core of the community. Today, the camp remains a functioning settlement, balancing its cultural preservation efforts with economic realities in a remote district of Vidarbha.

2. Bengali Camp, Tukum, Chandrapur City

The Bengali Camp in Tukum, Chandrapur, traces its roots to the massive population displacement following the Partition of India in 1947 and the later waves of migration from East Bengal after 1971. This urban settlement began as a refugee camp set up to accommodate families escaping political persecution and economic instability in what later became Bangladesh. Initially composed of makeshift structures, the camp gradually evolved into a permanent neighbourhood. The local administration provided small land parcels for rehabilitation, and over time, the settlers built brick homes and small-scale businesses. The area developed a distinctive Bengali identity visible through language, cuisine and cultural practices that survive to this day.

Educational institutions and local associations established by the settlers helped integrate younger generations into Chandrapur’s social fabric. While the area has now been absorbed into the expanding city, it continues to be referred to as Bengali Camp, a reminder of its origins as a site of forced migration.

3. Bhadravati Bengali Refugee Camp, Chandrapur District

Located within the industrial town of Bhadravati, this refugee camp was one of several established during the mid-twentieth century for displaced persons from East Bengal. The camp’s foundation was part of a broader state initiative to accommodate families who had crossed the border with limited resources. The settlement included basic housing and a community-run Bengali medium school, allowing children to continue their education in their mother tongue. Over the years, many residents found employment in the surrounding industrial units and municipal services, enabling the community to achieve gradual stability. Cultural activities such as Durga Puja and literary gatherings helped maintain social cohesion and preserve linguistic traditions.

The settlement has undergone steady urban integration, yet several original structures and institutions remain functional. Bhadravati’s refugee camp stands as a lesser-known but enduring example of how displaced communities shaped the industrial and cultural layers of Vidarbha.

4. Ramakrishnapur Bengali Settlement, Gadchiroli District

The settlement of Ramakrishnapur in Gadchiroli district emerged as part of rehabilitation efforts for East Bengali families resettled in forested regions of central India during the 1960s. Initially organised as an agricultural colony, the settlement was carved out of land previously under forest use, with households allotted small farming plots. Bengali medium schooling was introduced by the mid-1960s to ensure continuity of education and cultural retention. The settlement’s isolation created challenges in transport, healthcare and livelihoods, yet the community gradually established self-sustaining practices through farming and local trade. Despite limited administrative attention, Ramakrishnapur developed into a functioning rural settlement with a defined cultural identity linked to its Bengali origins.

The village continues to symbolise a transitional space between displacement and permanent residence, reflecting how migration transformed the social landscape of Gadchiroli.

The refugee camps of Vidarbha reveal how displacement reshaped regions far from international borders. These settlements, spread across Gondia, Chandrapur and Gadchiroli, became zones of both struggle and continuity. While many have integrated into surrounding towns and villages, traces of their origins remain in schools, temples and language patterns. They also illustrate how post-Independence migration extended deep into the Indian interior, quietly influencing local economies and cultural dynamics.

Each settlement represents an episode in a broader national history of rehabilitation that unfolded beyond the metropolitan gaze. The stories of these camps form an essential part of Vidarbha’s social geography, connecting the region’s past to ongoing conversations about migration and belonging.